Stop using global variables disguised as classes. Learn how to manage shared resources without sacrificing testability or scalability.
Published: January 2026 Reading time: 45 minutes Keywords: #singleton #typescript #design-patterns #dependency-injection #global-state #clean-code #node-js #testing
The Singleton is the most used, and most abused, design pattern in software engineering. Its promise is simple: "Ensure a class has only one instance and provide a global point of access to it."
But there is a dark side. Singletons are effectively global mutable state. They create hidden dependencies and make unit testing a nightmare.
In this guide, we’ll explore why the traditional "GoF Singleton" is often an anti-pattern in 2026, and how to use modern techniques like Dependency Injection and Module Caching to achieve the same goals safely.
Imagine you have a UserSettings singleton. It’s used in 50 different components.
// ❌ The Hidden Dependency
class UserSettings {
static instance = new UserSettings();
public theme = 'light';
}
// db.ts
class Database { ... }
export const db = new Database(); // Singleton via module cache
Instead of calling Database.getInstance(), pass the database as a constructor argument. This makes your code mockable and testable.
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